Qualitative Study of Reasons for (Non) Participation in Physical Recreation Essay

The goal of this subjective examination is to research and analyze the reactions of single and wedded ladies that don't take an interest in physical amusement. Absence of physical action from wedded and single ladies has been concentrated less widely than men’s physical movement. (Vehoef, Love and Rose 2003) The issue of non-interest in physical movement can influence the personal satisfaction and wellbeing of ladies all around. It is imperative to address this issue and comprehend why a few ladies don't take part in recreation exercises. The subjective research in this report talks about the significant topics or purposes behind non-support from ladies and thinks about these topics among wedded and single ladies. Right off the bat this report will give a short survey of some past research in this field for the most part the explanations behind not partaking in physical action. Furthermore this report will give a short depiction of the exploration technique used to assemble the information for the quantitative research and thirdly it will examine and portray the significant purpose behind the non-interest in physical entertainment of wedded and single ladies. Part 1b) Literature Review There has been some exploration on the subject of non-investment of ladies in physical diversion. Hitched ladies have less an ideal opportunity to take an interest in physical movement because of work are childbearing duties. (Nomaguchi and Bianchi 2004) These days there are significantly more ladies working all day. Moreover these ladies are working longer hours out of each day. (Nomaguchi and Bianchi 2004) With longer working days ladies are investing less energy doing recreational movement. Ladies are not inspired to invest their solitary free energy practicing a great deal would very much want to unwind and disregard work. Work and study alongside different issues like family obligations are the fundamental reasons that some wedded and single ladies are not associated with physical action. (Erickson and Gillespie 2000) One of the primary purpose behind non-interest for wedded ladies is family and their job in the family. (Nomaguchi and Bianchi 2004) most of wedded ladies are working all day and thinking about kids. (Nomaguchi and Bianchi 2004) Having an all day work and being a mother takes up a lot of time in multi day. Subsequent to completing a long work day and afterward keeping an eye on the requirements of youngsters, for example, transportation and appetite it doesn't leave particularly an ideal opportunity for a lady to work out. A bustling timetable like this can be intellectually tiring and inspiration to perform physical movement can diminish. Research shows that after the entirety of her work and family obligations are done it is normally past the point where it is possible to begin to exercise or they are essentially excessively depleted. This can influence the wellbeing and personal satisfaction for a lady. (Nomaguchi and Bianchi 2004) Single ladies have issues discovering time to take an interest in physical action. They might not have children to care for sometimes however work and study issues can constrain their time for work out. Moderately aged single ladies are marginally more dynamic than wedded ladies a similar age however the general interest rate is little. (Vehoef, Love and Rose 2003) This little interest pace of wedded and single ladies is a worry for society with medical problems, for example, corpulence and gloom expanding. Section 2) Research Methods The exploration strategies utilized in this investigation were top to bottom meetings. Various meeting were directed with wedded and single ladies. Inside and out meetings are fundamentally utilized when the quantity of subjects is somewhat little. The benefit of utilizing an inside and out meeting in a quantitative report is that it is an unstructured procedure that permits the questioner to acquire profundity of answers when contrasted with a survey. The casual structure gives the opportunity of the questioner to alter the course of the meeting and connect with the interviewee substantially more by and by, this permits increasingly broad and definite information. (Kwek 2011) It is significant when directing a top to bottom meeting to not lead the interviewee yet to test them for more data. The individual leading the meeting must not concur with of can't help contradicting the interviewee this is crucial so the interviewee doesn't feel initiated into to responding to an inquiry with a specific goal in mind. The questioner must utilize increasingly open inquiries to acquire inside and out data from the interviewee and afterward affirm this top to bottom by utilizing shut inquiries to guarantee the information being gathered is on target. The open, pivotal and intelligent coding technique was utilized to examine the information. Open coding is the primary coding technique utilized in investigating the inside and out meeting information. Open coding assists with comprehending the procedure and distinguish the foundation of the issue. The meetings were uniformly part among wedded and single ladies. A portion of the issues for wedded ladies in the open coding stage were things, for example, * Age †feeling too old * Body picture †being humiliated by their body * Housework †cooking and cleaning the house. * Kids †moving and thinking about youngsters * Work †working extended periods of time and unpredictable hours * No inspiration †thinking that its difficult to feel roused to practice * No companions to practice with †not having an accomplice or gathering to practice with * Poor information on physical exercises †not realizing the best techniques to take part in physical movement * Low vitality levels †feeling depleted * No time †having no extra an ideal opportunity to participate in standard physical diversion Some of the issues for single ladies were; * No time. * Lack of assets †not having the cash to have the option to pay for and travel to physical exercises of their advantage * No companions to practice with †not having an accomplice or gathering to practice with * Low vitality levels †feeling depleted * Poor area of offices †not having the vehicle alternatives accessible to get to diversion offices * Poor information on physical exercises †not realizing the best strategies to take part in physical movement * Other social exercises †needing to invest energy associating with companions going out to see the films or eating together. For the pivotal coding stage the information was investigated to locate an all the more entire perspective on the issues for non-interest of wedded and single ladies. Hub coding minimalises the quantity of explanations made by the interviewees and recognizes the more typical subjects. Basic topics for wedded ladies in the pivotal coding stage were; * Family and housework * No vitality and poor self-perception * No inspiration because of absence of companions to practice with and poor information * No time because of work Common subjects for single ladies in the hub coding stage were; * Money * No time because of work and study duties * No inspiration because of absence of companions to practice with and poor information * Relaxation and mingling. At this phase of the coding procedure some regular subjects are obvious for both hitched and single ladies. Most of wedded and single ladies expressed that time responsibilities was a significant issues for not working out. The purposes behind the absence of time may shift from the wedded to the single ladies. This brings us into the third phase of the coding procedure, intelligent coding. Intelligent coding intends to look for any between relationship that may exist in the significant topics. (Kwek 2011) This phase of the coding procedure paints a general image of the information gathered and the significant topics. The fundamental subjects in this exploration for wedded ladies are; * Lack of time * Family responsibility * Lack of inspiration Due to family and work duties wedded ladies in this examination appear to have inadequate opportunity to take an interest in physical action. The primary topics in this examination for single ladies are; * Lack of time * Lack of inspiration * Lack of assets Like wedded ladies most single ladies in this investigation accept they need more an ideal opportunity to normally participate in physical movement. An absence of inspiration is additionally a typical topic among wedded and single ladies. Single ladies in this meeting procedure additionally guarantee that an absence of adequate financing to take part in physical diversion is a major factor in their non-cooperation. Section 3) Discussion of Findings It is critical to take note of that all the interviewees are non-member in physical exercise. The explanation behind this investigation is to discover why these women are not practicing all the time. The principle issue that this subjective research has found is time. Assessment of the respondents both the wedded and single felt that absence of time is the principle explanation behind the not to doing physical movement all the time. There are some comparable subjects for both wedded and single ladies corresponding to time imperatives. One explanation behind absence of time that is obvious in the two gatherings is work or study duties. For instance, one respondent (Worker) noticed that â€Å"I work five days per week and I have three youngsters to take care of so there isn’t typically much time left over for myself†. One single lady expressed that â€Å"If I had additional time I would be considerably more liable to accomplish something active† (Kylie) It is clear here that both wedded and single ladies on the off chance that they had additional time would be increasingly disposed to take an interest in physical movement. Another regular purpose behind non-support is absence of inspiration. Most of wedded and single ladies in this investigation feel no inspiration to work out. One comparable explanation behind wedded and single ladies to hove low inspiration is the absence of organization to play out the physical movement with. Jane a wedded lady asserts that she would be â€Å"more slanted to go in the event that somebody accompanied me, it would keep me motivated† Kylie a solitary lady likewise expresses that she would be â€Å"more slanted to accomplish something to that effect on the off chance that I had somebody to go with†. Sheree feels the equivalent, â€Å"I feel in the event that I work less hours I would feel less depleted and hence progressively spurred to exercise† Working less and having a companion or companions to practice with are huge factors in propelling both wedded and sin

Bear Stearns Collapse Timeline Essay

This week five years back, JP Morgan declared it would purchase Wall Street rival Bear Stearns in an arrangement worth $2 an offer †this at last rose to $10. Here, Financial News takes a gander at the occasions in the approach the fall of the 85-year old free speculation bank. Money related News arranged the course of events from official statements, contemporary media reports and William D Cohan’s record of the breakdown of the bank, ‘House of Cards’. May 21, 2007 After long periods of developing shakiness in the US sub-prime home loan advertise, Bear Stearns executive Alan ‘Ace’ Greenberg offers consolations that the firm, intensely presented to the market, is in control. â€Å"The sub-prime (issue) has been blown totally out of proportion,† he says, in remarks revealed by Dow Jones Newswires. Mid-June 2007 Serious issues become obvious at two Bear Sterns speculative stock investments with a high introduction to sub-prime home loans. Speculators in the High-Grade Structured Credit Strategies Enhanced Leverage Fund, which oversaw $600m, are educated that the reserve has lost 23% of its incentive throughout the year to April, reports The Wall Street Journal. The store starts a fire-deal to limit exposures. After the disappointment of a mooted salvage plan including support from banks, another salvage conspire is declared by Bear Stearns, which offers $3. 2bn for a bailout of a second store †the High Grade Structured Credit Fund. The bank recently had just $45m put resources into this fund’s value, as indicated by William D Cohan in House of Cards’. Bear Stearns later says it is giving $1. 6bn to the store instead of the first $3. 2bn, refering to the offer of advantages. A choice is made not to safeguard the High-Grade Structured Credit Strategies Enhanced Leverage Fund, as per Cohan. August 3, 2007 Standard and Poor’s minimize the bank’s viewpoint to negative. The bank says that worries over its circumstance are â€Å"unwarranted† as the fence investments aftermath spoke to â€Å"isolated incidents† and â€Å"by no methods a more extensive indication† of the bank’s execution, as indicated by The Wall Street Journal. August 5, 2007 Bear Stearns president and co-head working official Warren Spector leaves the bank. Alan Schwartz is affirmed as sole president. Days after the fact, the Associated Press reports that the bank sends letters to customers consoling them of its money related position. September 10, 2007 British very rich person Joseph Lewis communicates his trust later on for the bank by securing a 7% stake, getting perhaps the biggest investor. October 5, 2007 Federal investigators dispatch an examination concerning the breakdown of the Bear Stearns mutual funds. November/December 2007 Chief monetary official Sam Molinaro says that the bank has been â€Å"very preservationist and aggressive† in its revaluations, as indicated by Dow Jones Newswires. On December 10, MarketWatch reports that the bank has recorded $1. 9bn identified with contract introduction. January 8, 2008 Chief official Jimmy Cayne ventures down after boundless analysis of his hands-off reaction to the occasions of the earlier year. He stays as executive. He is supplanted at the top by Alan Schwartz. Around the same time, the bank reports the conclusion of a third store, the Bear Stearns Asset Backed Securities Fund. Bloomberg reports that this store has endured a decrease of 39% of its incentive longer than a year. February, 2008 Hedge support Peloton Partners, run by Goldman former student Ron Beller, breakdown following its introduction to resource upheld protections. Walk 2008 Carlyle Capital, a fence stock investments situated in Amsterdam, falls as worries over exposures to contracts start to duplicate, causing a crush on lines of financing. By March 5, protection premiums on Bear Stearns obligation have ascended from $50,000 per $10m of obligation toward the start of 2005 to $350,000 per $10m obligation, as indicated by William D Cohan. It before long reaches $700,000. Monday, March 10, 2008 The company’s stock falls 11% to its most minimal level in five years following a Moody’s minimization of bits of its home loan bond possessions, composes Cohan. The bank denies bits of gossip that it is in a difficult situation. Speculators search for approaches to wager on further falls in the bank’s stock. Tuesday, March 11, 2008 ING Groep, the Dutch bank, drops $500m of transient financing for Bear Stearns, as per The Wall Street Journal, following a model set by Rabobank. As indicated by a public statement, the Federal Reserve reports an extraordinary loaning office where guarantee can be traded for financing, however the plan can't be gotten to until March 27. In another significant episode, refered to by Cohen in ‘House of Cards’, Goldman Sachs will not sub for Hayman Capital in an exchange with Bear Stearns, recommending discharging certainty among major monetary players. Wednesday. Walk 12, 2008 Overnight markets for financing start to evaporate, while establishments keep on denying transient loaning to Bear Stearns. Speculative stock investments and different financial specialists proceed in their endeavors to remove their cash from Bear Stearns, which is quickly moving toward a subsidizing emergency. Thursday, March 13, 2008. As clients keep on pulling back assets, the Securities and Exchange Commission and the New York Federal Reserve start conversations on the emergency. In a gathering on Thursday night, announced by Cohen, it is found that outgoings at the firm can never again be kept up, with the firm viably coming up short on money during the evening. Legal counselors are gathered to examine the alternatives for insolvency, while an arrangement with JP Morgan Chase is looked for. After late night exchanges, JP Morgan concurs related to the Federal Reserve Bank of New York that it will give tied down subsidizing to Bear Sterns for an underlying time of as long as 28 days. Friday, March 14, 2008 The cobbled-together arrangement neglects to soothe the business sectors. Financial specialists keep on pulling cash from the bank through the span of the day. By the night, unmistakably an answer should be formulated throughout the end of the week if the bank is to endure. Saturday, March 15-Sunday, March 16, 2008 JP Morgan says it can't do an arrangement without help from the Federal Reserve, because of the enormous number of poisonous protections on the books of Bear Stearns. Accordingly, the Fed favors a credit of $30bn saying that it is important to dodge â€Å"serious interruptions in the budgetary markets†. JP Morgan offers just $2 per share for the bank, an enormous misfortune for those whose stock was worth $30 on Friday, $60 the prior week and over $150 every prior year. Bondholders will be saved by the arrangement, which is acknowledged by the leading group of Bear Stearns on Sunday morning. Fights with JP Morgan over an agreement circumstance †which conceivably leaves the bank at risk for financing Bear Stearns without asserting full possession †bring about brinkmanship from Bear Sterns. A last cost of $10 per share is concurred, with an estimation of $1. 45bn joined to the value. Walk 25 Bear Stearns CEO Jimmy Cayne and his better half sell 5. 66 million offers in the bank for $61. 34m, which, as indicated by Cohan, spoke to a $1bn misfortune on the bank’s stock. May 29 The last Bear Stearns investor meeting happens, at which previous CEO Cayne discusses his trouble at the firm’s downfall, as per The Wall Street Journal, refering to visitors present.

Comparison of UK and German Pension Systems

Examination of UK and German Pension Systems This exposition examines two principle questions: I) What are the primary variables causing numerous individuals not to spare towards their retirement, contrasting people over the age of 18; and ii) Look at the contrasts between the benefits framework here in the UK and Germany, and what Germany is doing to make individuals spare more than individuals spare than in the UK. It is clear, across numerous European nations, that numerous people don't spare as much as possible, and, specifically, are not sparing satisfactory sums towards their retirement. This applies similarly for people and across numerous European nations. This issue is, be that as it may, especially set apart in the UK, with numerous people either essentially not having any benefits arrangements or not contributing enough in to their annuity conspire. Also, numerous people in the UK basically don't spare any extent of their income, and spend so a lot, if not more, than they gain. This isn't the situation in Germany: for all intents and purposes each family unit spares considerable sums, until mature age, with just families in the most reduced extents of the pay circulation bend not sparing (Borsch-Supan and Essig, 2003). 40% of family units in Germany normally spare a fixed sum, with a further 45% sparing, yet not fixed sums and not routinely; 25% of Germans spare in view of a fixed reserve funds target, arranging their investment funds towards these points, with most of Germans liking to cut family utilization, as opposed to contact their reserve funds, if closes don't meet; to be sure, 80% of Germans only from time to time go negative in their present records (Borsch-Supan and Essig, 2003). This is very unique to the example in the UK, where individual obligation is as of now the most noteworthy it has been for a long time, and numerous people don't get ready for sparing in view of unmistakable points, nor spare towards any kind of annuity plot, leaving themselves open to issues when they come to retirement age. As appeared by the OECD (2002), since 1985, the UK has reliably had a far lower family unit investment funds rate than Germany, with Germany averaging around 13.5% of expendable family unit pay being spared, year on year since 1985, and the UK averaging around 5.5%, year on year since 1985 (OECD, 2002). In Germany, as in the UK, there are three principle kinds of annuity: state, organization and private, with the selection of private benefits being progressively energized, because of the maturing populace in the two areas. There are numerous reasons refered to for why individuals don't spare enough towards their retirement, for instance, the inclination that ‘I am too youthful to even think about starting putting something aside for my pension’, ‘I don’t gain enough to have the option to put something aside for a pension’ or ‘I will get a state annuity, so don’t need to worry’. These reasons are invalid, in the event that they are concentrated further, as it is progressively turning into the duty of the person to accommodate their retirement, thus putting something aside for an annuity ought to be an important cost; the sooner the individual begins to spare, clearly, the more they will have in their benefits finance with regards t o retirement age, and the more they will have the option to take as a benefits when they come to resign. It is along these lines useful for people to put resources into their future, by sparing normally towards their retirement, however this idea doesn't appear to be as imbued in the psyches of people in the UK all things considered in Germany. As of not long ago, 19.5% of livelihoods from German people was by and large put towards private annuities, with private benefits organizations in the UK taking not even close to this sum; 10-15% is an increasingly ordinary normal sum taken by UK organization annuity plans (OECD, 2007). What's more, Germany has probably the most significant level of open spending on benefits in the OECD nations (11.5% of GDP, contrasted with 4.5% of GDP in the UK (Disney and Johnson, 2001)), albeit as of late Germany has expanded the retirement age over the conventional 65 years for men, to 67; a comparative ascent in the period of retirement from open annuity plans has as of late happened in the UK (OECD, 2007). Commitment to private annuity plans has the most stretched out inclusion in Germany of any OECD nation, in spite of the fact that the sums added to private benefits designs in Germany are low, when contrasted with the sums German people put in to organization benefits plans (OECD, 2007). Lik ewise, less German people are changing from organization annuity plans to private benefits plots in Germany than in other OECD nations. In fact, just 39.9% of people have changed from organization to private benefits conspires in Germany, with 53.4% of people changing to â€Å"personal account† annuities in the UK (OECD, 2007). Notwithstanding the apparently high switch over from organization benefits plans to private or â€Å"personal account† annuities in the UK, the UK government appraises that around 7 million people are not sparing enough for their retirement, under any plan, and that an extra 10 million people don't put something aside for their retirement by means of their organization annuity plot, which incorporates a business commitment of at least 3%. What are the purposes behind these distinctions, and what are the principle factors causing numerous individuals not to spare towards their retirement? What's going on with Germany, for instance, that urges a larger number of individuals to spare than in the UK? The UK, generally, has more elevated levels of individual obligation than Germany, with people from the two districts having altogether different perspectives towards spending and sparing, and where they decide to contribute their investment funds. What's more, people who do spare in the UK tend to ‘dip into’ their investment funds to purchase extravagance things, while German savers will in general disregard their reserve funds, and to purchase extravagance things, just when they can bear to do as such, when they have spared, explicitly, for that thing. Given the maturing populace, and the way that insufficient individuals are putting something aside for their retirement, the UK is as of now attempting to build sparing towards annuities, especially, with different duty impetuses, through private benefits tax assessment plans and ISAs, for instance, and the recently presented annuity credit plans. Taking everything into account, in this manner, there is by all accounts an exceptionally careless mentality towards sparing, as a rule, in the UK, with putting something aside for retirement being especially ignored; Germany, then again, with its convention of low close to home obligation, and high family unit investment funds, has a high inclusion of people sparing towards their retirement, for the most part through organization, or, progressively, private benefits plans. References Borsch-Supan, A. what's more, Essig, L. (2003). Family sparing in Germany: consequences of the main SAVE study. National Bureau of Economic Research, Working Paper 9902. Accessible from http://www.nber.org/papers/w9902 [Accessed 28th October 2008]. Disney, D. what's more, Johnson, M. (2001). Annuity frameworks and retirement salaries across OECD nations. Edward Elgar. OECD (2002). Family unit reserve funds rates by nation from 1985 through 2004 conjecture. OECD Economic Outlook. OECD (2007). Annuities initially †open approaches across OECD nations 2007 Edition. Accessible from http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/15/42/38728511.pdf [Accessed on 28th October 2008].

Social Determinants of Health and Wellbeing Essay

Social Determinants of Health and Wellbeing - Essay Example 1999). A sheltered domain, satisfactory salary, significant jobs in the public arena, secure lodging, more elevated level of instruction and social help inside networks are related with better wellbeing and prosperity. It is these determinants that we allude to as the social determinants of wellbeing (Baum F. 1999). The key determinants of wellbeing are ethnicity, social components, instructive accomplishments, financial conditions, lodging, work security and access to and utilization of medicinal services administrations contributing together to depict financial status in the general public of Canada (Raphael, D., 2006). The SODH National Conference concentrated on the open approach condition (pay and its dissemination) and not on the attributes related with the people (pay and economic wellbeing). There are 11 SODS they are: Aboriginal status, early life, training, business and working conditions, food security, medicinal services administrations, lodging, pay and its appropriation , social wellbeing net, social prohibition, joblessness security (Raphael, D., 2006). The methodologies for SDOH are Mid-level methodology are an emphasis on mid-level determinants of wellbeing.

Borrowing Part 3 International Students COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Borrowing Part 3 International Students COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog The following post is part of a three part series written by a member of the admissions and financial aid staff, Colin Sullivan. _____________________ If students from overseas (or across great lands) require additional funding to supplement any fellowships, sponsorships, or grants they may receive, they can apply for the very same private loans as their American compatriots, but they must have a US citizen or permanent resident willing to cosign. We also advise that our international students contact banks in their home countries to research the possibility of education or personal loan opportunities to help cover the full cost of attendance.  Something as simple as a Google search with various applicable keywords (i.e., “student”, “loan”, “international”, etc) can often yield a deep well from which you can siphon exactly the type of financing you may require. International Applicant Frequently Asked Questions: Question: I’m an international applicant. Can SIPA or any SIPA employees cosign on my private education loan for me, or can Columbia University provide me with a cosigner? Answer: SIPA cannot serve as a cosigner on any loans, nor can we refer a cosigner. A cosigner should primarily be an individual with whom you share a personal relationship, and someone who would be willing to assume responsibility for the loan should you become unable to pay. Question:   I’m an international applicant, and my uncle is a wealthy banker in my home country. Would he be able to cosign on my loan? Answer: Unfortunately at this time, US private education lending institutions require that either a US citizen or permanent resident cosign on your loan, with no exceptions. Question: Would I be able to use my personal assets as collateral in the absence of a US cosigner? Answer: At one time, private education loan lenders were willing to accept collateral, but due to the recent “credit crunch” in the US, they have since discontinued this practice. However, a bank in your home country may be able to provide funding for you in a similar manner. Question: I have been unable to find a cosigner. Is there any additional financial aid available to me, and does SIPA offer any school-originated loans or financing that I can utilize? Answer: At this time, Columbia University offers no such programs for either domestic or international students, as we do not operate as a lender.

Impact of Online Travel Agents on the Hotel Loyalty Program - 4675 Words

Impact of Online Travel Agents on the Hotel Loyalty Program (Dissertation Sample) Content: Impact of Online Travel Agents on the Hotel Loyalty ProgramName of StudentInstitutional AffiliationImpact of Online Travel Agents on the Hotel Loyalty ProgramChapter One: IntroductionBackground InformationCourtesy of the sensational global shift from traditional to modern use of Information and communication technologies (ICTs) in the last one decade, the hotel industry now makes most of its transactions through the internet. Online channels, including; Online Travel Agencies (OTAs), Global Distribution Systems (GDS) and Hotel Websites are receiving rapid continued growth in popularity as hotel booking channels among individual business and leisure travelers from all corners of the world. As early as the year 2004, online hotel bookings acquired the second position as the largest online traded item, slightly behind air travel tickets, CITATION Inv14 \l 1033 (Inversini Masiero, 2014).Particularly, online travel agencies have been observed to experience the highest popularity among the three online booking channels. A recent report indicates that the OTA channel received the largest increase in hotel bookings, with a 9.2% increase in the first quarter of the year 2014 as compared to the last quarter of the year 2013, CITATION DeV14 \l 1033 (DeVoren Susman, 2014). During the same period, hotel bookings made through hotel websites and global distribution systems increased by only 6.1% and 2.9% respectively as compared to bookings that were made through the same channels in the last quarter of the year 2013, CITATION DeV14 \l 1033 (DeVoren Susman, 2014). During the exact period, booking made through Hotel Directs (calls direct to the hotels and walk-in customers) and CRO channels decreased by 0.4% and 0.9% respectively, CITATION Dan14 \t \l 1033 (DeVoren McGrann, 2014).According to a report by Tapscott, (2014s), OTAs experienced the highest growth in average daily rates (ADR), with an increase of 7.9% in the first quarter of the year 2014 as compared to the last quarter of the year 2013. During the same period, other channels, including; Hotel directs, GDS, CRO and hotel websites experienced increases amounting to 3.0%, 3.3%, 1.7% and 2.7% respectively, CITATION DTa14 \l 1033 (Tapscott, 2014). These indicate very low rates of increase in ADR for the four channels as compared to the increase that was experienced by the OTA channel.Now by looking at a single destination, a recent report indicates that around 64% of travelers who visited Las Vegas in the year 2013 used online channels to make hotel reservations, an increase from 49% in the year 2009, CITATION Ric14 \l 1033 (Velotta, 2014). According to the same report, although most visitors went through hotel channel managers to make hotel reservations in the year 2013, the percentage of visitors who went through OTAs was the highest as compared to the same percentage in the preceding years. This percentage is expected to increase by the end of the year 2014, CITAT ION Dan14 \t \l 1033 (DeVoren McGrann, 2014).The continuing rapid increase in the share of travelers who make hotel reservations through OTAs builds curiosity as to whether OTAs have better loyalty programs than independent hotels. A research by Continenza, (2014), investigated this where it was found that hotels treat those who book rooms directly through the channel managers as loyal members and thus offers them first dibs on room assignments. This lot of customers, therefore, gets the best rooms, which have better views and quieter locations. On the other hand, hotels treat visitors who make reservations through third parties as non-loyal and thus offers them run off rooms which may not be strategically well located. In this regard, it may be said that hotel loyalty programs gives better incentives than OTAs loyalty program. In another artle though, Chan and Guillet, (2011), favors OTAs programs over hotel programs based on the fact that OTAs offers a variety of rooms from dif ferent hotels as compared to hotel websites which offers just the brand of rooms that they own. In this regard, a customer may have better chances of getting satisfactory accommodation if he/she goes through an OTA than when he/she goes through a channel manager.Statement of the ProblemAlthough hotels own loyalty programs that they use in attracting customers, Online Travel Agents in the current decade attract a very huge number of travelers who make hotel reservations on their websites. This situation is creating two major problems; one for the travelers and one for the hoteliers. Looking at the customersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ side, OTAs may act as a medium of exploiting them in terms of prices and quality of products and services. Although one may argue that competition between different OTA websites can limit the exploitation, another person may also argue that the commission charged by OTAs above direct booking charges is a form of exploitation. OTA websites are also speculated to be a s ource of exaggerated information in terms of the quality of services offered in different hotels. However, there is also a positive view upon OTAs, that their websites are more efficient in finding the best hotel reservations for travelers than direct models.As far as the suppliers are concerned, some of the hoteliers think of the relationship between them and the OTAs as a threat to their loyalty programs while others think of OTAs as business promoters. As it has been discussed above OATs may be a route of exploitation as well as a source of false information to hotel customers. This may act as a way of reducing customersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ loyalty towards brands offered by certain hoteliers. There may also be another argument that OTAs may make a customer more loyal to a particular brand due to the fact that they are specialists in sales and marketing.Purpose of the StudyIn the present era, a very large percentage of long-distance travelers in developed countries make their hotel reserva tions through OTA websites, CITATION Ken14 \l 1033 (Sena, McNellis, McDade, 2014). Some of the most common intermediaries include HRS, Last-Minute, Book.com, Travelocity, Axpedia, Priceline.com, Orbitz and many more. Due to the fact that OTA websites are able to attract more travelers than Hotel websites, hoteliers are finding it essential to link themselves to the customers through these intermediaries. Hotel managers are, however, reluctant in making the decision due to the fear that OTAs may affect their loyalty programs.This study seeks to investigate the relationship between OTAs and hotels; looking more keenly at how ATOs influence hotel loyalty programs. In this regard, the study will act as a source of information for hotel managers when they are making the decision on whether to form ties with OTAs. The paper also seeks to investigate the factors that travelers should look at while choosing the websites or the loyalty program on which to make hotel reservations. The resul t of this investigation will act as a guide to travelers, thus making them capable of avoiding exploitation.The research is also aimed at adding to the already existing literature material in the field of tourism and hospitality. This will allow scholars and researchers in this field to have a wide range of materials from where to base their arguments, (Loraine et al., 2010).Research HypothesisHo1: OTAs limit the functionality of hotel loyalty programs.Ho2: For a traveler, making hotel reservations through OTAs is stressful than making reservations directly with a hotel website.Research Objectives 1 To investigate the factors that influence a traveler to choose a particular OTA website or a certain loyalty program over other OTA websites or loyalty programs for making hotel reservations. 2 To study how OTAs influence hotelsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ loyalty programs. 3 To examine whether OTAs are beneficial or disadvantageous to hotels in helping them to gain customersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ loyalty. 4 To com e up with strategies that can be applied to enhance the relationship between OTAs and hotels.Research Questions 1 What influences a traveler to choose a certain OTA website or a certain loyalty program over other OTA websites or other loyalty programs for making hotel reservations? 2 What influence does OTAs have on hotelsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ loyalty programs? 3 Does OTAs help or limit the functionality of Hotelsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ loyalty programs? 4 Which strategies that can be applied to enhance the relationship between OTAs and hotels.Chapter Two: Literature reviewOver the past one decade, technology advancement has greatly improved the success of many industries. Airline companies lead this race in embracing the technology in their sales and marketing activities. As early as 2004 the travel and tourism industries were ranked top on their use of online transactions, CITATION Inv14 \l 1033 (Inversini Masiero, 2014). Online hotel booking was ranked second in terms of revenue earned through onlin e channels, CITATION Inv14 \l 1033 (Inversini Masiero, 2014). According to Chan and Guillet, (2011), this inevitable success has been achieved courtesy of Online Travel Agents and probable the social media. Of late, OTA websites have gained a lot of popularity among travelers, thus posing a big challenge to hotel owners, CITATION Pao14 \l 1033 (Roma, Zambuto, Perrone, 2014).Although technology has offered numerous opportunities, hoteliers have been reluctant to adapt the new technology, (Buhalis, 2003). This is due to their earlier website use, which will soon be regarded as obsolete, CITATION Ken14 \l 1033 (Sena, McNellis, McDade, 2014). According to Bahalis, (2003), traditional web site use earns hoteliers very little despite having invested a lot of resources in developing the websites. A study by Schmidt et al., (2009), addresse...

Analysis Of Ellen Ullman s A Strong Passionate Woman

Ellen Ullman, a strong, passionate woman, grows up with an ambitious dream of reaching high and aiming for the stars. Defying the social standard, she immerses herself into the male-dominated career of computer programming where she immediately runs straight into a barrier separating her from the path to contentment and success in the workplace. Unlike many women, Ullman found a way to shatter the glass ceiling and rise above, but she cannot discover how to end sexism for all other women across the nation. America is said to be the land of equal-opportunity, but working women are still experiencing great levels of discrimination in the workplace. The root of sexism comes from an abstract way of thinking—stereotypes. Throughout history and still today, the American culture promotes the stereotypes of women being viewed only as the care holders of the family that raise the children and tidy up the house. Sexism does not just affect a few women, because across the nation and for many years, there have been an abundance of accounts of women suffering from discrimination. Women are discriminated against by receiving less pay and subservient jobs due to the stereotypes used against them in the workplace which, in turn, damages both women and businesses directly. In order to push forward through this great injustice, people must start at the elementary level to extinguish stereotypes and allow America’s children to grow with an open mind. Gender discrimination especially targetsShow MoreRelatedStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesand permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. To obtain permission(s) to use material from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Edu cation, Inc., Permissions Department, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458, or you may fax your request to 201-236-3290. Many of the designations by manufacturers

Battle of Arsuf in the Crusades

The Battle of Arsuf was fought September 7, 1191, during the Third Crusade (1189-1192). Armies Commanders Crusaders King Richard I the Lionheart of Englandapprox. 20,000 men Ayyubids Saladinapprox. 20,000 men Battle of Arsuf Background Having successfully completed the siege of Acre in July 1191, Crusader forces began moving south. Led by King Richard I the Lionheart of England, they sought to capture the port of Jaffa before turning inland to reclaim Jerusalem. With the Crusader defeat at Hattin in mind, Richard took great care in planning the march to ensure that adequate supplies and water would be available to his men. To this end, the army kept to the coast where the Crusader fleet could support its operations. In addition, the army only marched in the morning to avoid the midday heat and campsites were selected based on the availability of water. Departing Acre, Richard kept his forces in a tight formation with the infantry on the landward side protecting his heavy cavalry and baggage train to seaward. Responding to the Crusaders movements, Saladin began shadowing Richards forces. As Crusader armies had proven notorious undisciplined in the past, he began a series of harassing raids on Richards flanks with the goal of breaking up their formation. This done, his cavalry could sweep in for the kill. The March Continues Advancing in their defensive formation, Richards army successfully deflected these Ayyubid attacks as they slowly moved south. On August 30, near Caesarea, his rearguard became heavily engaged and required assistance before escaping the situation. Assessing Richards route, Saladin elected to make a stand near the town of Arsuf, just north of Jaffa. Arraying his men facing west, he anchored his right on the Forest of Arsuf and his left on a series of hills to the south. To his front was a narrow two-mile wide plain extending to the coast. Saladins Plan From this position, Saladin intended to launch a series of harassing attacks followed by feigned retreats with the goal of compelling the Crusaders to break formation. Once this was done, the bulk of Ayyubid forces would attack and drive Richards men into the sea. Rising on September 7, the Crusaders needed to cover a little over 6 miles to reach Arsuf. Aware of Saladins presence, Richard ordered his men to prepare for battle and resume their defensive marching formation. Moving out, the Knights Templar were in the van, with additional knights in the center, and the Knights Hospitaller bringing up the rear. The Battle of Arsuf Moving onto the plain north of Arsuf, the Crusaders were subjected to hit-and-run attacks beginning around 9:00 AM. These largely consisted of horse archers dashing forward, firing, and immediately retreating. Under strict orders to hold formation, despite taking losses, the Crusaders pressed on. Seeing that these initial efforts were not having the desired effect, Saladin began focusing his efforts on the Crusader left (rear). Around 11:00 AM, Ayyubid forces began increasing the pressure on the Hospitallers led by Fra Garnier de Nablus. The fighting saw mounted Ayyubid troops dash forward and attack with javelins and arrows. Protected by spearmen, the Crusader crossbowmen returned fire and began exacting a steady toll on the enemy. This pattern held as the day progressed and Richard resisted requests from his commanders to allow the knights to counterattack preferring to husband his strength for the right moment while allowing Saladins men to tire. These requests continued, particularly from the Hospitallers who were becoming concerned about the number of horses they were losing. By mid-afternoon, the lead elements of Richards army were entering Arsuf. At the rear of the column, the Hospitaller crossbow and spearmen were fighting as they marched backwards. This led to the formation weakening allowing the Ayyubids to attack in earnest. Again requesting permission to lead his knights out, Nablus was again denied by Richard. Assessing the situation, Nablus ignored Richards command and charged forward with the Hospitaller knights as well as additional mounted units. This movement coincided with a fateful decision made by the Ayyubid horse archers. Not believing that the Crusaders would break formation, they had stopped and dismounted in order to better aim their arrows. As they did so, Nablus men burst from the Crusader lines, overran their position, and began driving back the Ayyubid right. Though angered by this move, Richard was compelled to support it or risk losing the Hospitallers. With his infantry entering Arsuf and establishing a defensive position for the army, he ordered the Templars, supported by Breton and Angevin knights, to attack the Ayyubid left. This succeeded in pushing back enemys left and these forces were able to defeat a counterattack by Saladins personal guard. With both Ayyubid flanks reeling, Richard personally led forward his remaining Norman and English knights against Saladins center. This charge shattered the Ayyubid line and caused Saladins army to flee the field. Pushing forward, the Crusaders captured and looted the Ayyubid camp. With darkness approaching, Richard called off any pursuit of the defeated enemy. Aftermath of Arsuf Exact casualties for the Battle of Arsuf are not known, but is estimated that Crusader forces lost around 700 to 1,000 men while Saladins army may have suffered as many as 7,000. An important victory for the Crusaders, Arsuf boosted their morale and removed Saladins air of invincibility. Though defeated, Saladin quickly recovered and, after concluding that he could not penetrate the Crusaders defensive formation, resumed his harassing tactics. Pressing on, Richard captured Jaffa, but the continued existence of Saladins army prevented an immediate march on Jerusalem. Campaigning and negotiations between Richard and Saladin continued over the next year until the two men concluded a treaty in September 1192 which allowed Jerusalem to remain in Ayyubid hands but permitted Christian pilgrims to visit the city. Resources and Further Reading Military History Online: Battle of ArsufHistory of War: Battle of Arsuf

classical approach - 2209 Words

Change Management STUDENT NAME: STUDENT NUMBER: DATE: 26/03/2014 INTRODUCTION Many flaws can be found with the classical approach, the birth of which is widely accredited to Fredrick Taylor, in particular how employees became bitter and angry with the levels of managerial thuggery (Rose 1988) that Taylor promoted. There already existed high levels of worker-management conflict, and Taylors approach merely heightened the tensions that it had set out to tackle. Taylors view, and later, Henri Fayol s view of how an organisation could be managed solely focused on the productivity of the worker and how efficiently work could be carried out. It did not take into account the morale of employees or any of their emotional needs, resulting†¦show more content†¦Max Weber (1864-1924) developed the theory of bureaucratic management which, similarly to Fayols approach, was focused on the overall structure of an organisation. According to Weber a bureaucracy must have a number of distinct characteristics. It must have a hierarchical chain of command, where each employer is answerable to a superior, therefore power flows from the top down. Division of labour, where each task is broken down into smaller tasks, with different employees working on each separate part of the task. Each employee is selected on merit and qualification only with no bias shown to favourites. Formalised and detailed rules and regulations must be set out. HUMAN RELATIONS APPROACH The beginnings of the Human Relations approach can be traced back to studies on worker fatigue which were carried out while the scientific approach was still being established, and it is fair to say that both approaches overlap. Elton Mayo (1880-1949) expanded on these studies in the 1930 s, most notably with his Hawthorn experiments. (_Managing Change. Bernard Burnes)_ Mayo did not believe that workers were only concerned by monetary rewards, but instead suggested that by having their social needs met at work they would in turn be more motivated and their performance would improve. In his experiments he divided workers into groups and studied how their productivity responded to changes in the environment such asShow MoreRelatedThe Neorealist Approach On Classical Realism1625 Words   |  7 PagesThe neorealist approach was initially started by Kenneth Waltz during the second world war. It was a development on classical realism, building upon the ideas of an anarchic international system, whilst also branching away from the classical realist thought. Realism came to be a popular ideology during world war two, but it’s origins go much further back, dating to 431-404 BC Thucydides’ account of the Peloponnesian wars. Within this essay, I will be primarily comparing the works of Hans MorganthauRead MoreClassical Approach to Management1986 Words   |  8 Pagesmarketing and innovation. The problem of this research is how to use the classical approach to management in this researcher s job as a manager and determine how it affects the interlocking functions of formulating corporate policy and organizing, planning, controlling, and directing the firm s resources to achieve the policy s objectives. III. OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY The researcher aims to use the classical approach to management as a manager, and employ Henri Fayol s general theory of managementRead MoreClassical Theory And Classical Approach Theory Essay759 Words   |  4 PagesAccording to Modern Management Concepts Skills, Classical Approach defined as management approach that emphasizes organizational efficiency to increase organizational success (Certo, P. 509). The approach broken into two areas: The Lower Management Analysis focused on â€Å"One Best Way† of do a job. The second area, Comprehensive Analysis of the management concern focused on a universal process including principal of management. Classical management approach theory developed around nineteenth century.Read MoreIs the Classical Approach to Management Obsolete? Essay635 Words   |  3 PagesIs the Classical approach to management obsolete? Critically discuss your views on this matter This essay argues the validity of the classical approach to management today. We cannot deny that businesses and organisations have evolved and changed a lot since the classical theorists, which date from the early twentieth century, but yet the main ideas about management that they gave to society are still sustainable today. The classical organisation theory represents the merger of scientific managementRead MoreElements Of The Classical And Behavioral Approach To Management1028 Words   |  5 Pages Explain how McDonalds uses elements of the Classical AND the Behavioral approaches to management. McDonalds uses elements of the Classical approach to management in several ways. The approach focuses on maximizing efficiency and productivity. Some other interrelated approaches are scientific management, administrative theory, and the bureaucracy theory. This theory can also be related to theorist Fredrick Taylor. The scientific management was created to analyze and synthesize workflow. He believedRead MoreClassical And Modernist Approach Of Business Organization Essay1567 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction This essay contains the classical and modernist approach of business organization. Both these theories are very important for an organization to run smoothly. It actually give the managers the base to make the managerial decisions. Classical theory talks about the Henry Fayol’s principles of organization and the modernist theory explains the logical reasons for the making the decision. This essay also contains the information if the logical and modern theories are applicable in the presentRead MoreClassical Management Theories : Scientific Approach1556 Words   |  7 Pagesthis paper will discuss the classical management theories: scientific approach by F. W. Taylor (1856-1915) , and their relevance in modern world in public or private organization structure and behavior. . The theories were modernized and adapted with the today’s world organizational system Scientific management Frederick Winslow Taylor described in, â€Å"The Principles of Scientific Management†, How to manage workers application of the scientific management could greatly improve productivity. ScientificRead MoreThe Comparison of Classical Approach and Human Relation Approach in Organisation Studies2990 Words   |  12 Pagesperformance. This paper will discuss about the two theories about management. The comparison, the nature, and the origin of these theories will be presented in this paper. 2.The Theories of Organisation Studies -The Classical Approach- The origin of Classical Approach carried out initially in the early part of the century, by such scientist as Frederick W. Taylor, Henri Fayol, Urwick, etc. Most of them were laying the fundamental for a comprehensive theory of management (Mullins, 2005).Read MoreClassical Management Approach During The 19th Century1224 Words   |  5 PagesThe classical management approach emerged during the 19th and 20th century. The factory system that existed in the 1800s posed challenges that were not encountered by the earlier organizations. Problems arose in tooling the plants, organizing managerial structure, training employees, scheduling complex manufacturing operations and dealing with increased labor dissatisfaction and resulting strikes. These new problems demanded an approach to coordination, control and new sub-species of economic manRead MoreClassical Management Approach And Human Resources Management3365 Words   |  14 Pagesorganizations i.e. classical management approach and hum an resources management approach. Both the concepts are explained in detail with their importance, implication, and drawbacks. The report then linked both the approaches with operations of the organization for which Coles, which is one of the leading retail names in Australia; its business is spread across the country. The report gives a clear picture of how Coles has used and implemented the classical as well as the human resource approach in its operations

Famine, Affluence, And Morality - 1555 Words

Nowadays, the process of globalization strengthens the connections between numerous countries across the world, and enables people living in developed countries to help those who are experiencing famine, deaths and diseases in poor countries. However, the moral necessity of doing so has been controversial in human’s society for years. One philosopher named Peter Singer gives his opinion in the article â€Å"Famine, Affluence, and Morality†, and presents a powerful argument supporting his claim. In this essay, I will explain his conclusion and main argument, propose one objection to his argument, and evaluate the validity of my objection by considering possible response that Peter Singer would make to my objection. Addressed in his essay â€Å"Famine, Affluence, and Morality†, Peter Singer’s full assertion is that, it is morally wrong for people to spend money on morally insignificant things instead of spending money to prevent suffering and dying from prev entable diseases and famine. He begins his argument with the first premise: â€Å"suffering and death from lack of food, shelter, and medical care are bad.†(231) Such premise is direct, simple, accepted by most people in the society. Peter Singer hence take such assumption as accepted by the readers and quickly moves to his next premise. In his second premise, Peter Singer asserts that â€Å"if it is in our power to prevent something bad from happening, without thereby sacrificing anything of comparable moral importance, we ought, morally,Show MoreRelatedFamine Affluence And Morality1963 Words   |  8 PagesIn â€Å"Famine, Affluence and Morality,† Peter Singer emphasizes the potential revisionary implications of accepting utilitarianism as a guide for conduct. The moral philosophy Singer conveys in this text are most closely related and comparable to the ideas of nineteenth-century English philosopher, John Stuart Mill as Singers’ approach is utilitarian rat her than deontological. Despite their similarities, the ideas of Singer and J.S Mill contain many discrepancies, especially with regard to whether theyRead MoreFamine, Affluence and Morality1663 Words   |  7 PagesSinger’s Famine, Affluence, and Morality Ametra Heard PHI208 Ethics and Moral Reasoning Instructor Zummuna Davis January 14, 2013 Singer’s Famine, Affluence, and Morality In the Peter Singer’s article â€Å"Famine, Affluence, and Morality†, he discusses the way that people should take moral in their help toward the support of the Bengal famine crisis. Singer states three obligations that would help the Bengal region through the means of a wealthy person, and those individuals living life on a dayRead MoreFamine, Affluence, And Morality906 Words   |  4 PagesWithin â€Å"Famine, Affluence, and Morality† Peter Singer delves into the topic of famine; specifically, the moral obligations individuals in affluent countries have to those who are suffering. In his example, Singer focuses on the population of East Bengal, and their struggle with famine and extreme poverty. Singer proposes that with enough aid from both individuals and various governments extreme poverty can be eradicated. Therefore, the question he presents is why poor people are dying while affluentRead MoreFamine, Affluence, And Morality1991 Words   |  8 PagesWoj tek Sokà ³Ã…‚ Phi 115-002 Ethics – Final Paper Famine, Affluence, and Morality Peter Singer Jimmy carter once said, We know that a peaceful world cannot long exist, one-third rich and two-thirds hungry. With the world now more interconnected than ever there might be a solution to world hunger by distribution of wealth. Peter Singer, in his article titled, Famine, Affluence, and Morality, takes this concept of unity that we have on a global scale and tries to tackle the issue of world hunger. BeforeRead MoreFamine, Affluence, and Morality Essay892 Words   |  4 PagesIn the article by Singer, P. (1972) â€Å"Famine, affluence, and morality† main argument is that to persuade his readers in what people of wealth and governments should help with famine relief, especially in East Bengal as one example given. Singer is furthermore also mention somewhat of and utilitarianism. Therefore, according to Mosser, K. (2010) â€Å"A concise introduction to philosophy† states that the â€Å"act utilitarianism applies the idea of utilitarianism to specific acts, emphasizi ng what moral isRead More Famine, Affluence, and Morality Essay2027 Words   |  9 Pagesâ€Å"Famine, Affluence, and Morality†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In â€Å"Famine, Affluence, and Morality,† Peter Singer is trying to argue that â€Å"the way people in relatively affluent countries react to a situation†¦ cannot be justified; indeed,†¦ our moral conceptual scheme needs to be altered and with it, the way of life that has come to be taken for granted in our society†(Singer 230). Peter Singer provides striking examples to show the reader how realistic his arguments are. In this paper, I will briefly give a summary ofRead MoreFamine, Affluence and Morality by Peter Singers929 Words   |  4 Pages In this essay I will be arguing why a utilitarian could possibly disagree with Peter Singers Argument presented in â€Å"Famine, Affluence and Morality.† After reading such an interesting paper I must say as much as I disagreed with Singers viewpoints I almost found it difficult to object them with support. From a utilitarian point of view we are to maximize Happiness by reducing suffering. How can Giving possible make someone unhappy? But as I was thinking a saying came across my mind, â€Å"Two steps forwardRead MoreFamine, Affluence, and Morality Essay1371 Words   |  6 PagesFamine, Affluence, and Morality Websters English Dictionary defines morality as: the conformity to ideals of right human conduct. With this in mind, I wonder who determines right human conduct? Religion aside, there is no literary context that strictly states the rights and wrongs of human behavior. So who decides? Who determines what we ought morally to do and what we are obligated to do as a society? An Australian philosopher, Peter Singer attempts to draw the line between obligationRead MoreFamine, Affluence and Morality by Pete Singer1045 Words   |  4 PagesIn the article, â€Å"Famine, Affluence, and Morality†, Pete Singer, a Utilitarian, argues that citizens in affluent countries such as the United States have a moral obligation to give up as much as they can for famine relief. Singer’s contention in his article is that the way we morally conduct ourselves ought to be reappraised. (Singer, 230). I Singer’s argument, and in this paper, I will examine the distinction between duty a nd charity, compare both deontological and consequential theories of ethicsRead MoreFamine, Affluence and Morality by Peter Singer1486 Words   |  6 PagesIn his own essay â€Å"Famine, Affluence and Morality†, Peter Singer puts forth some compelling arguments for affluent people to give what they have in excess, to the suffering people of the world. Before any criticism is made, here is the argument: - There are people suffering and dying from lack of food, shelter and medical care. - People suffering and dying from lack of food, shelter and medical care is bad. - If you have the power to prevent something bad from happening without sacrificing †¨anything

Family and Young Boy Charley Free Essays

Book Report â€Å"For One More Day†, By Mitch Albom Made by: Kitti Kristanti, Sec 1d For One More Day â€Å"This is a story about a family, and as there is a ghost involved, you might call it a ghost story. But every family is a ghost story  . The dead sit at our tables long after they have gone. We will write a custom essay sample on Family and Young Boy Charley or any similar topic only for you Order Now † This is a beautiful, haunting novel about the family we love and the chances we miss. It explores the question, â€Å"What would you do if you could spend one more day with the ones you love? †Ã‚   The story  covers a conversation  Charley Benetto has with a sports writer. Throughout the conversation he goes back and forth between  the one last day he had with his mother and the important  events in his life, sharing his feelings– both past and present– about them. I particularly enjoyed the   way he shared throughout the book little vignettes of the times his mother stood up for him and the times he didn’t stand up for her. As a mother myself, I couldn’t help wondering if someday my own children would be able to look back and see with clarity the sacrifices I have made for them. Throughout the book I ‘heard’ some of the same things from the young boy Charley that I hear from my own children. It was rewarding and brought hope to see him come to a realization of how his interpretation of the events had been inaccurate and skewed by emotions in the moment. Perhaps my children will also understand someday As a young boy Charley Benetto makes the choice to be a daddy’s boy and does everything his father asks him to. Then his father disappears, leaving a broken family and an embarrassing situation for the young Charley to endure. Being raised by a single mother has it’s challenges and plenty of embarrassment, many that Charley takes out on his mother. â€Å"So he chooses his father, and he worships him- right up to the day the man disappears. An eleven-year-old Charley must then turn to his mother, who bravely raises him on her own, despite Charley’s emabarrassment and yearning for a complete family. †   Ã¢â‚¬ Decade later, Charley is a broken man. His life has been crumbled by alcohol and regret. He loses his job. He leaves his family. He hits bottom after discovering his only daughter has shut him out of her wedding. And he decides to take his own life. † â€Å"He makes a midnight ride to his small home-town, with plans to do himself in. But upon failing to do that, he staggers back to his old house, only to make an astonishing discovery. His mother- who died eight years earlier- is still living there, and welcomes him home as if nothing had ever happened. † â€Å"What follows is the one ‘ordinary’ day so many of us yearn for, a chance to make good with a lost parent, to explain family secrets, and to seek forgiveness. Somewhere between this life and the next, Charley learns the things he never knew about his mother and her sacrifices. And he tries, with her tender guidance, to put the crumbled pieces of his life back together. † I related to this story on many levels. As a single mother myself I could relate to many of the experiences described and gained insight into what my children may be experiencing as a result of events they have no control over. As a daughter  who has at times experienced a  strained relationship with my own mother,   I gained  valuable insights into my own childhood memories and interpretations and was  reminded, again, that there is much more to the story that I do not completely understand. And as always– the betrayal revealed in the end made the recent and  painful betrayal of my own life seem small and insignificant in comparison. This clever story, told in Mitch’s masterful storytelling style, has left me with a new appreciation and understanding for those I love and has motivated me to be more intentional in valuing and cherishing the relationships I enjoy with those I love so that I will not be left with regrets for the experiences and the love lost. I highly recommend this book to anyone who has ever been a part of a family, who has ever lived with regrets, and who has ever questionned the value of their very existence. How to cite Family and Young Boy Charley, Essay examples

The Effect of Stress on University Students free essay sample

The effects of stress on university students. What is the stress? Stress is very common in everyones life is one thing, because the stress of life changes challenging. but also be able to struggle and contradictions from the peoples inner world. In addition, the stress also plays a very important role in the lives of students. Good stress on students self to a higher level. Stress can also lead to the physical health of students affected, academic, and dealing with people has also been seriously affected, especially university students. The five main causes of stress among university students are the new university environment, the new relationship, the competitive circumstances and exams, a lack of proper time-management techniques and parental pressure. The above five factors leading to university students emotional, behavioural and physiological be severely affected. The changes of emotional is one of effect of these stress. The emotion will change anytime. We will write a custom essay sample on The Effect of Stress on University Students or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page For example , the student felt emotionally and the emotion will stop he or she from studying, because of this, examination results will be disastrous, . If they felt very stress on their study , they will yelled at family or friends. This factor will lead to the relations of family and friends misunderstanding. They felt that their work suddenly built up so much so that they felt like crying, and this will caused cannot hand in homework on time. They also felt emotionally drained by university and let them feel that their future is a confusion. Furthermore, the behavioural of the student also affected. They felt they were lazy when it came to university work and they procrastinated on assignments. After that , they were distracted in class and unable to study. They had trouble concentrating in the class and tried to avoid the class The attendance rate of less than cause unable to attend the year-end examination and . They also have trouble to remember the notes given by lecturer and always failed in the exam. They started to use alcohol or drugs to reduce the stress they faced and it will also damage the health of the body. In addition, they couldn’t breathe when they felt stress. They had difficulty eating when the examination is coming. They couldn’t sleep at night

Ohio University Admission Essay Help

Ohio University Admission Essay Help Essay Promts Admission Essay requirements The essay is optional.  An essay is required if one of these criteria applies to you: †¢ You are applying to the E.W. Scripps School of Journalism. Your essay should detail why you want to study journalism at Ohio University. †¢ Honors Tutorial College applicants should follow instructions detailed in the following section. †¢ You have been out of school for more than 3 months at any time. You must list all activities undertaken during this period on the application or in the optional essay. The list must account for all activities completed or planned up through your intended enrollment date Admission essay/personal statement prompts If an applicant chooses to submit an optional essay, potential topics could include describing any academic challenges the applicant has faced, the applicant’s academic and career objectives, or the applicant’s involvement in community affairs. Recommended length is 250-500 words. Office of Admissions Contacts Ohio University Chillicothe Campus Admissions Registration Office Bennett Hall 139 T: 740.774.7241 T: 740.774.7730 Student Services T: 740.774.7240 T: 877.462.6824 Jaime Lowe Bennett Hall 139 C T: 740.774.7241 Career Consultant Martha Tanedo, MA, GCDF Coordinator of Student Support Bennett Hall 275 T: 740.774.7733 Alumni statistics Where they live Columbus, Ohio Area 24,306 Cleveland/Akron, Ohio Area 14,677 Parkersburg, West Virginia Area 9,980 Cincinnati Area 8,211 Greater New York City Area 4,331 Where they work Cleveland Clinic 610 Nationwide Insurance 581 JPMorgan Chase Co. 549 The Ohio State University 411 Cardinal Health 349 What they do Education 13,096 Sales 12,827 Operations 10,653 Healthcare Services 8,865 Media and Communication 8,432 Entrepreneurship 7,715 Information Technology 6,315 Marketing 5,744 What they studied Business Administration and Management, General 7,618 Marketing 6,439 Journalism 5,944 Communication, General 5,660 Psychology 4,754 Finance, General 4,034 Political Science and Government 3,757 English Language and Literature/Letters 3,379 What they’re skilled at Microsoft Office 26,067 Customer Service 26,048 Leadership 25,210 Public Speaking 23,274 Management 22,182 Social Media 19,000 Microsoft Excel 18,184 Sales 16,868 Matthew Rubel President and CEO Varsity Brands President Specialty Division at Revlon President Tommy Hilfiger at Murjani Senior Advisor at TPG Capital bsj, Journalism 1975 – 1979 Ramanath Ramakrishnan EVP Chief Technology Officer at Eaton Corporation Multiple roles with increasing responsibilities at GE Global Research Sr. Production Engineer at Wyman Gordon SVP Technology, Industrial Sector at Eaton Corporation M.S., Mechanical Engineering 1987 – 1989 Mike Wilkinson, PhD CIO and EVP, Technology, Innovation and Performance at PPD Global Head of Internal Medicine at Quintiles VP, Project Management Group One at Quintiles Associate Director, Project Management at Quintiles BS 1976 – 1979 Claudia Patton Chief Talent Officer at Edelman Founder at The Headline Group EVP/GM at Edelman B.S., Education 1971 – 1973 Reccomendations to apply My Home Away from Home There arent many places in the Midwest as beautiful as Athens, OH in the fall. Theres really something special about this campus and much of it begins with the quality of the people Ohio University tends to attract. OU offered me the quintessential college experience during my time in Athens as an undergrad. Im currently enrolled in the online MBA program and my education has been a pillar to my career success thus far. There are quite a few really great Universities and Im lucky to have found one right here in my home state of Ohio. Jeff Wallick Business Development Manager at KM Tire Business Development Manager at KM Tire 2015 – 2017, Master of Business Administration (M.B.A.)

What Essay Topics Are on the GED?

What Essay Topics Are on the GED?When you are about to start writing a GED essay, you should know what topic ideas are on the GED Essay Gatherings. It is vital that you know these topics to help you in writing the best essay you can. You have to know that some topics on the GED are easier than others. The most common ones include using vocabulary, learning to add and subtract, taking notes, and making essays that can be researched and reviewed later.One of the most important topics is using vocabulary. All good essay topics have some use of vocabulary. This is to make the essays easier to understand because it will make the essay less repetitive.One of the best essay topics is to use words that the person in the GED needs to remember or is familiar with. Make sure to choose words that the person has already heard or seen. You should also put this in the beginning of the essay. They are going to look at this in the library. After all, they will be looking for certain things when they are doing research.Make sure that you do not use any hard language. If you do, then your essay will fail the test. Using words like he, she, me, etc. would be considered unacceptable. Some people even say it should not be used in an essay.It is very important to make sure that you put a full stop at the end of the sentence. Most people do not have the verbal ability to put a period in between two words. Without one, the reader is not going to know that you have finished writing it.Make sure that you put certain words in quotes. The reason is that the words in quotes are better read than words that you have put in full. Keep in mind that you are supposed to make it short so that you can review it later. Make sure that you do not get sidetracked on a certain part of the essay by making it too long.Make sure that you do not put too much information in one place. You may have a big pile of pages for example. If you do, then you might not have room for each and every section of the essay .Having good topics in your GED essay will help you in writing the best essay you can. Remember that it is a test, so you need to make it as easy as possible for the reader. You have to remember that essays are very important.

About Affirmative Action

About Affirmative Action Free Online Research Papers Affirmative Action Essay Selina A. Griswold defines affirmative action as a set of public policies and initiatives designed to help eliminate past and present discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. Affirmative action is a wonderful policy, which takes initiative to correct some of the misfortunes faced by not only colored people but females, yet a common myth about affirmative action is that it stands to benefit African-Americans the most. However, the largest beneficiary of affirmative action has been Caucasian women. This is because affirmative action is designed to help break the glass ceiling, the barrier that blocks Caucasian women from moving up in the workplace, in male dominated professions. Another common misconception about affirmative action is that it goes hand in hand with quotas, when it is actually based on goals. The reason for this is because quotas are fixed numbers, and are usually abandoned after they are reached. Goals on the other hand are often exceeded and continued after they are reached, and imply something to be strived for as opposed to just a fixed number. An example of a quota is a company looking to hire 35 minority workers this year, and an example of a goal is a company striving to increase its inventory of quality minority workers. As you see, quotas have the ability to almost change the definition and aim of affirmative action, therefore in my opinion quotas should not be used when regarding affirmative action. When a company must meet affirmative action quotas, it can transform affirmative action from an act of equal opportunity into a blatant advantage for minorities and women. Take this example into perspective; A company must hire â€Å"X† amount of colored workers, and â€Å"X† amount of females. However, said company has only used word of mouth advertising, and only a small amount of qualified minorities have been informed. Now in order to meet their quota, the company must hire any minorities that apply for the job without regard for their skill level or qualifications because of a lack of suitable candidates. Without affirmative action quotas, the company would only need to hire minority workers who are accurately qualified for the job instead of fighting to meet a quota to avoid some pen alty or gain an incentive. Affirmative action also expands recruiting and training techniques. It increases recruiting techniques because when it is implemented, companies attempt to recruit from a larger pool of more diverse people. This means that said company might be forced to use different advertising methods to reach areas that they may not have before. Affirmative action expands training techniques because companies are attempting to train people from a larger range of ethnicities and skill levels, therefore the company must use more diverse methods of training to get workers to a â€Å"happy medium† of overall skill level. The analogy on page 352 is a perfect example of what affirmative action really is or at least should be. Many people make the naà ¯ve assumption that affirmative action is meant to give an advantage to any female or person of color no matter what their skill level when referring to whatever position they are attempting to fulfill. This analogy shows you that this is not true. It gives the example of a batter in baseball who when on the field is against the other nine defensive players and is otherwise alone except for his teammates on the bench. The batter represents a recipient of affirmative action, and the nine defensive players stand to represent Caucasian male candidates for the same job. The analogy then goes to mention that the batter must earn his way to base, and if he hits the ball but does not make it to first base then he is out regardless of the situation. This represents the fact that if an affirmative action recipient cannot earn his or her way to be worthy for a job then he or she will not get the job and there is nothing that affirmative action can do to stop it, equivalent to being â€Å"out† in the analogy. Finally the analogy goes on to state that in the event of a tie where it can’t be determined if the player reached first base in time, that the benefit of the doubt is given to the batter because of the nine to one odds that he faced. This is equivalent to a person of color or a female being equally qualified with a Caucasian male for a job opportunity. Affirmative action would give the person an edge over the Caucasian male because of the odds that are stacked against said person due to past or current discrimination. According to the article in â€Å"In Motion Magazine†, some Caucasian male college students did not have to go to war because of a law called college draft deferment, which basically allowed college students to avoid the draft. This is a form of affirmative action that mostly White males benefited from because most people of color could not afford to go to college, which made their deferment a lot less likely. It is also surprising how no one complained about this form of affirmative action, or when bankers, farmers, or White men of power receive these incentives and it is often looked at as an entitlement. Yet the moment that incentives were expanded to be given to colored citizens and women there was an uproar of criticism. It is also ironic that some of the same people who benefited from college deferment or social engineering have a problem when a minority receives any form of competitive advantage. How can judges in the Supreme Court be opposed to affirmative action, when there is not a single judge in that group who have not benefited from some sort of affirmative action? If an advantage for a minority is considered reverse racism, then what is an advantage for a White male considered? Part of the reason why affirmative action is such a hot topic in America is because of the way the media represents it. It has been noted over time that women are rarely well represented in reports or articles covering the topic; and there are hardly ever any instances in which there is an article reporting on the affirmative action received by Caucasian males throughout any portion of history. Much more often we see articles from accredited sources focusing merely on the African-American or Latino recipients of affirmative action. Also in many of the articles, the terms â€Å"affirmative action† and â€Å"racial preference† are used interchangeably, giving the illusion that affirmative action is not a way to give minorities a competitive advantage to stay in the proximity of White male workers, but instead a way to attempt to insure that companies employ Black and Latino workers first. It then becomes much easier to see how someone could view affirmative action as reve rse racism with such horrible representation. If affirmative action were in its true form, that is without quotas that could make it an incentive numbers based program, and with accurate media representation, I do not believe that half of the people who oppose it now still would. Therefore, I would not favor a society that did not want affirmative action when in its true form. This being because in its true form there is no aspect of affirmative action not to be desired. I believe the only way that a society could not want affirmative action in its true state would be if they were misinformed about what its true state is. In conclusion, affirmative action can be a great process aimed at correcting past mistakes. America’s only problem with it stems from its media representation, and if it were to be corrected only the strictest of nay Sayers could oppose it. The question that I now pose is how long will it be before the media finally decides to accurately cover this topic, and when that day comes will those who still oppose it attempt to come up with some other way of discrediting the process? Only time will tell. Research Papers on About Affirmative ActionMoral and Ethical Issues in Hiring New EmployeesDefinition of Export QuotasAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaTwilight of the UAWComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoThe Hockey GameRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andResearch Process Part OneHip-Hop is ArtOpen Architechture a white paper

An Easy French-English Bilingual Story at the Beach

An Easy French-English Bilingual Story at the Beach Many people travel to France to enjoy its gorgeous beaches. Whether you prefer sunny â€Å"Cà ´te d’Azur†, the windy beaches or â€Å"Arcachon†, the historic â€Å"plages de Normandie† or the wild and rocky coasts of Brittany, you’ll have plenty of sea waters and beaches to choose from when traveling, for real or virtually to France. Explore the vocabulary related to beach activities with this learn French in context  story. This story is written mostly in the present tense and with simple sentence structures, so even beginners can follow the story once they have studied their  French beach vocabulary. And Now, Let's Go to the Beach! Mon mari, ma fille et moi, nous habitons en Bretagne, dans le nord-ouest de la France, en face de lAngleterre, dans une petite ville qui sappelle  «Ã‚  Paimpol  Ã‚ ». Jai de la chance car nous sommes cà ´tà © de la mer, au bord de la Manche plus prà ©cisà ©ment.   My husband, my daughter and myself, we live in Brittany, in the north-west of France, across from England, in a small town called Paimpol. I am lucky since we live by the sea, on the banks of the Channel more precisely. Ma fille Leyla et moi, nous adorons nager. Il y a une petite plage de sable 5 minutes pied de chez nous, et bien sà »r, nous y allons trà ¨s souvent. My daughter Leyla and I, we love to swim. There is a small sand beach five minutes walking distance from our house, and of course, we go there very often. Leyla a dix ans, et elle sait bien nager. Elle a pris des cours de natation la piscine avec son à ©cole, et aussi pendant les weekends, et donc vraiment elle nage bien la brasse, le crawl etc... Mais quand  elle va la plage, elle ne nage pas beaucoup : elle joue dans la mer, saute dans les petites vagues, patauge... Elle boit rarement la tasse, mais à §a arrive. Alors elle tousse, et elle replonge dans l’eau ! Elle aime bien aussi faire de grands chà ¢teaux de sable avec les autres enfants qui sont sur la plage. Leyla is ten, and she is a good swimmer. She took swimming lessons at the pool with her school, and also during the weekends, and therefore she can really swim the breaststroke,  the crawl etc well†¦ But when she goes to the beach, she doesnt swim much: she plays in the sea, jumps in the small waves, splashes around†¦ She rarely accidentally swallows sea water, but it happens. Then she coughs, and dives back in (the water)! She also enjoys making big sand castles with the other kids (who are) on the beach. Faire de la Voile = to go Sailing in French L’autre jour, Leyla a fait une journà ©e de voile avec son à ©cole. Et tout a coup, elle a vu deux dauphins !! Malheureusement, au dà ©but elle a pensà © que c’à ©tait des requins, et elle a eu trà ¨s peur... The other day, Leyla had a sailing outing with her school. And suddenly, she saw two Dolphins !! Unfortunately, at the beginning, she  thought  they  were  two sharks, and she was very scared. C’est un vrai dà ©mà ©nagement lorsque nous allons nous baigner ! Il faut prendre des pelles,  des seaux, un rà ¢teau, des serviettes de plage, et surtout ne pas oublier la crà ¨me solaire. Il fait souvent gris en Bretagne, mais le soleil est toujours l, en dessous des nuages, et il faut toujours mettre de la crà ¨me solaire pour ne pas attraper un coup de soleil. Nous ne prenons pas de  parasol, ni de chaise longue – on est en Bretagne, pas   St Trop’  !! Its like packing for a move when we go swimming! We have to take shovels, pails and a rake, beach towels and above all not forget the  sunscreen!! Its often overcast in Brittany, but the sun is always there, under the clouds, and you should always wear sunscreen so you dont get sunburnt. We dont bring a beach umbrella, nor a beach chair - were in Brittany, not Saint-Tropez !!

Motion against Provision of Aid to Developing Nations Coursework

Motion against Provision of Aid to Developing Nations - Coursework Example They will not develop the resources they have because they know they will get aid when they need it. Secondly, most of the aid given does not accomplish its task. It is lost in corrupt deals. Governments swindle the money meant for development of infrastructure and put it into different uses other than the expected ones (Wilkinson & Pickett, 2009:350). The goal is to have the money reach the poor, but in most instances, the poor remain poorer. Thirdly, the countries giving aid will place the recipient countries under too much pressure. These countries have to change their political and economic policies to suit the needs of their donating countries, and this shows that the recipient country owes the donating country a favor (Wilkinson & Pickett, 2009:351). Fourthly, the donating countries may have it as a condition that foreign companies need to manage the funds given, denying the hosts a chance to make their decisions. Since the developing nation needs the money, it is very easy to have them agree to such terms, but it will hurt its economy owing to the amount sent abroad rather than invested in the country (Wilkinson & Pickett, 2009:352). The fifth point is that the amount of money sent or the form of aid given could benefit large-scale projects while the common citizen who can only handle the smaller projects remains a spectator. The goal is to develop the lowest earning person to become self-sufficient, but the use of aid denies them this chance (Wilkinson & Pickett, 2009:350).

Aggregate planning in manufacturing and aggregate planning in services Assignment

Aggregate planning in manufacturing and aggregate planning in services - Assignment Example Companies dealing in manufacturing processes use a variety of strategies. The most common methods are the Level plans or the Chase strategies (Maropoulos, McKay & Bramall, 2002). The Chase method entails corresponding capacity and demand depending on the market situations. This method triggers a significant movement of human resource, increased costs associated with inventory carriage and labor union issues associated with human resource movement. This method ensures minimal inventory levels, saving large sums of money for the company. The Level method entails a constant production level, not dependent on the demand levels in the market. Companies that apply this method, therefore, maintain a constant employment rate. Organizations are, therefore, able to control inventory depending on market demand forecasts or future anticipations. Service provision does not involve tangible goods and, therefore, does not involve inventory accumulation. Organizations that provide services do not have the luxury of adjusting their "inventories" in periods of low or high demand. Therefore, services are regarded as fragile or consumables, whereby the services available but unused are regarded as wasted. A good example is in the transport industry, where companies offer bus services between destinations. An empty seat cannot be sold to another individual at a later period, and therefore considered as wasted. Aggregate planning is best suited for the manufacturing industry because organizations have the capability to create, hold and put up for sale stock at any period. On the other hand, aggregate planning in service provision varies significantly because services cannot be stocked. Both the capacity and the demand for service provision are difficult to assess and predict respectively. Labor is regarded as the most limiting factor in service

My Service Learning Experience :: Community Service, Volunteer Work

I wanted to volunteer at an animal shelter since I am majoring in Pre-Vet, but at the last moment, I decided to do something very different. I chose to student teach first graders at County Elementary. It is very surprising to me that I chose to do this. I always said that I hated kids and had no desire to ever work with them I even said I would never give birth to any kids because I hated them so much. The thing is that I actually enjoyed my experience very much. I chose this activity because I wanted to try something different that I thought I wouldn't like. The teacher that I did this volunteer work for was my 1st grade teacher at County Elementary when I went to school there in 2000. The reason that I hate kids so much is because had a really bad experience with them. In the summer of last year I baby-sat these kids across the street from me that moved here from New York. They were the kids from hell. They were so annoying, and ungrateful. For instance they always asked me to buy them Taco Bell, and when I did, they would say, "why did you buy me this?", or "I want more, you better buy me more." I hated them. I was so stressed from them that I would cry at night. I really didn't want to baby-sit them anymore but I felt bad if I said no. So I thought I couldn't judge all kids on those three. I had to give others a chance, and didn't want to give up on having kids. I did many fun and exciting things while I was working with these kids at County Elementary. The first day Mrs. Aiken introduced me. She said, " Boys and girls this is Taysha, and I was her teacher when she was your age." They were all in awe. They couldn't believe that I had her as a teacher. The first kid I helped was a black girl named Shontele. I helped her with her math work and reading. I taught her to group thins in Math when you are adding or subtracting. For example: Say you have ten subtract three. I told her to put ten into groups of five, then cross out three, and count how many there was left. She enjoyed that and thought it was now much easier to do her Math.

Managing Time as an Adult Learner Essay

Proper management of our time can be described as using skills and techniques to manage time in order to complete a designated task or goal. Time is a valuable thing, it should not be wasted. One needs to be very careful how they use their time. Adult learners have unique difficulties with time management due to other important aspects of their lives, which require much time and attention; some of these aspects may include family, a home, and full time employment. However, with a little organization and better time management skills, the adult learner can find more free time for family and reduce the stress in their personal lives. One important aspect of adult learning is study goals in order to help focus ones time and energy. Use a calendar to keep track of all class work and personal obligations. Often a personal organizer is best, something like a palm or blackberry. Do not forget to schedule in some break time and be sure to take them. Study goals should begin with large, long term goals. Start with a year plan and work down from there. Continue to break down the year into semesters, then months, weeks, down to the days. (Karr, M. & Siebert, A. 008) Create a daily to do list to be sure one completes everything. Always study in a specific place that works well for the individual learner where one is comfortable and be sure there is good lighting. Remember distant learning can be more difficult, so do not fall behind. Work hard to reduce noise distractions while studying. Some examples may be television, children, and anything else that may cause one’s mind to drift. Often, a studying student will benefit from a low white noise in the back ground to help drowned out other noises. It is recommended for students that are working full time to take no more than two classes at a time. For every hour in class, the student will need two to three hours for homework. (Karr, M. & Siebert, A. 2008) One aspect that is very important when working a job and taking classes is being able to adjust your school work load during busy work times. For example, if a student works in a retail job setting, one should lighten their school load during the Christmas holiday season. A student should be aware of their learning style before beginning college courses (Steinbach, R. 000). For example, if a student is a visual learner they need to see information in order to learn it. They learn through seeing. This type of student enjoys maps, charts, graphs and diagrams. They take detailed notes and benefit from power point presentations and videos. On the other hand, if a student is an auditory learner they will benefit more from lectures, lessons, and discussions. This type of learner rarely takes notes and often reads aloud in order to comprehend the information (Siebert, A. & Karr, M. 2008). Keeping the stress out of one’s life is another important aspect of being an adult learner. It is important that the student understands how to separate regular life events and activities and school work. This can be a very hard balance to find, but if done correctly it can reduce the stress of going back to school tremendously. Remember to keep on track with your schedule and do not procrastinate by putting things off until the last minute. Doing this can cause unwanted stress and may possibly effect your grade. Something else the student can do to keep stress under control is to set aside some time to do the things most enjoyable to them. Include ones family and friends, and this can double as family time. Social life and family time are another area that needs to be kept under control while attending school as an adult. The student needs to be open and honest with the family regarding the time commitment and the help that will be needed as one travels down this road. It may take six months to a year before ones family has truly adjusted to the student and the schedule (Smelser, L. Ph. D 2009). The student must be very specific in asking for help and support and do not forget to say thank you to those that do help. If the student has children, consider including them in a study session and always reserve special time for them each week, remember quality is better than quantity. As an adult student it is easy to get caught up in the activities of the day and overwhelmed with the responsibilities of a job, children, spouse, and a home. Remember, one needs to take care of their bodies and minds in order to be a successful student. One important aspect is to continue to eat right. Do not skip meals or rely on sugar and caffeine to get you through your day. Healthy, small meals throughout the day will keep your energy level up and your brain active. Also, do not underestimate the need for sleep, the temptation will be there, but ultimately this is one of the worst things a person can do. Exercise is another activity that is important but often over looked. Exercise can reduce stress and strengthen muscles. â€Å"The more sensory systems and muscles involved in learning, the faster you learn and more you retain. † (Siebert, A. & Karr, M. 2008). There are some study tips that a student should take into consideration when taking college courses as an adult. It is important that the student learns how to increase studying efficiency, comprehension, and one’s ability to remember. For example, this can be done with a chapter review. The first step would be to skim through the chapter objectives or questions, then continue to look for the chapter summary. Second, read through the chapter and turn titles, subtitles, and highlighted terms into a question form. Now is the time to read the chapter, but read it fast. Next, right a summary in your own words and finally, recite what you remember out loud. In conclusion, a student needs to keep their stress to a minimum, maintain a healthy lifestyle, and learn to delegate other responsibilities out to family and friends when the need arises. The busy student should allow some personal time doing things enjoyed most. Always maintain a support system of friends, family and classmates, one never can tell when a favor will be needed. Of course, keep an open line of communication with the instructors for the college as well.